Concentrating white spot syndrome virus by alum for field detection using a monoclonal antibody based flow-through assay
Main Article Content
Keywords
alum, field detection, flocculation, flow-through assay, WSSV
Abstract
A simple and easy method of concentrating white spot syndrome virus by employing aluminium sulphate, alum as a flocculant was developed and evaluated for field detection. The concentrated virus was detected by a monoclonal antibody based flow-through assay, RapiDot and compared its performance with polymerase chain reaction. The semi-purified virus that was flocculated by 15 and 30 ppm alum in a 50 ml cylinder can be detected successfully by both RapiDot and I step PCR. In addition, alum could also flocculate the virus that is detectable by II step PCR and the concentration of virus was similar to the one observed in water from an infected pond. Furthermore, experimental infection studies validated the successful concentration of virus by alum flocculation followed by rapid detection of virus using monoclonal antibody based RapiDot. Overall, the results obtained in this study indicate that the white spot syndrome virus in water could be easily flocculated by alum for sensitive field detection by monoclonal antibody based RapiDot.
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References
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20. Suzuki Y, Suzuki T, Kono T, Mekata T, Sakai M, Itami T(2011) The concentration of white spot disease virus for its detection in sea water using a combined ferric colloid adsorption- and foam separation-based method. J Virol Methods 173: 227–232.
21. Alavandi SV, Ananda Bharathi R, Satheesh Kumar S, Dineshkumar N, Saravanakumar C, Joseph Sahaya Rajan J (2015) Tangential flow ultrafiltration for detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp pond water. J Virol Methods 218: 7–13.
22. Bofill-Mas S, Albinana-Gimenez N, Clemente-Casares P (2006) Quantification and stability of human adenoviruses and polyomavirus JCPyV in wastewater matrices. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 7894–7896.
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24. Anil TM, Shankar KM, Mohan CV (2002) Monoclonal antibodies developed for sensitive detection and comparison of white spot syndrome virus isolates in India. Dis Aquat Org 51: 67-75.
25. Xie Z, Xie L, Pang Y, Lu Z, Xie Z, Sun J, Deng X, Liu J, Tang X, Khan M (2005) Development of a real-time mutiplex PCR assay for detection of viral pathogens of penaied shrimp. Arch Virol 153: 2245-51.
26. Lo CF, Leu JH, Ho CH, Chen CH, Peng SE, Chen YT, Chou CM, Yeh PY, Huang CJ, Chou HY, Wang CH, Kou GH (1996b) Detection of baculovirus associated with white spot syndrome (WSBV) in Penaeid shrimps using polymerase chain reaction. Dis Aquat Org 25: 133-141.
27. Patil R, Shankar KM, Kumar BTN, Kulkarni A, Patil P, Moger N (2013) Development of a monoclonal antibody-based flow- through immunoassay (FTA) for detection of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. J Fish Dis 36: 753–762.
28. Momoyama K, Hiraoka M, Nakano H, Sameshima M (1998) Cryopreservation of penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus (PRDV) and its survival in sea water at different temperatures. Fish Pathol 33: 95–96.
29. Nakano H, Hiraoka M, Sameshima M, Kimura T, Momoyama K(1998) Inactivation of penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus (PRDV), the causative agent of penaeid acute viremia (PAV), by chemical and physical treatments. Fish Pathol 33: 65–71.
30. Kumar S, Ananda Bharat R, Rajan JJS, Alavandi SV, Poornima M, Balasubramanian CP, Ponniah AG (2013) Viability of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in sediment during sun-drying (drainable pond) and under non-drainable pond conditions indicated by infectivity to shrimp. Aquaculture 402–403: 119–126.
31. Sithigorngul W, Rukpratanporn S, Pecharaburanin N, Longyant S, Chaivisuthangkura P, Sithigorngul (2006) A simple and rapid immunochromatographic test strip for detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) of shrimp. Dis Aquat Org 72(2):101-106.
32. Wang X, Zhan W (2006) Development of dot-immunogold filtration assay to detect white syndrome virus of shrimp. Aquaculture 255: 196-200.
33. Domingez JR, Gonzalez T, Garcia HM, Lavado FS, de Heredia JB (2007) Aluminium sulphate as coagulant for highly polluted cork processing wastewaters: Removal of organic matter. Journal of Hazardous Materials 148: 15-21.
2. Yang F, Wang W, Chen RZ, Xu X (1997) A simple and efficient method for purification of prawn baculovirus DNA. J Virol Methods 67: 1-4.
3. Wang CH, Lo CF, Leu JH, Chou CM, Yeh PY, Chou HY, Tung MC, Chang CF, Su MS, Kou GH (1995) Purification and genomic analysis of baculovirus associated with white spot syndrome (WSBV) of Penaeus monodon. Dis Aquat Org 23: 239-242.
4. Wongteerasupaya C, Vickers JE, Sriurairatana S, Nash GL, Akarajamorn A, Boonsaeng V, Panyim S, Tassanakajon A, Withyachumnarkaul B, Flegel TW (1995) A non occluded, systemic baculovirus that occurs in cells of ectodermal and mesoderm origin and causes high mortality in the black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). Dis Aquat Org 21: 69-77.
5. Lo CF, Aoki T, Bonami JR, Flegel TW, Leu JH, Lightner DV, Stentiford G, Söderhäll K, Walker PW. Wang HC, Xun X, Yang F, Vlak JM (2012) Nimaviridae.. In: King AMQ, Adams MJ, Carstens EB, Lefkowitz EJ, editors. Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA. USA. pp. 229–234.
6. Chou HY, Huang CY, Wang CH, Chiang HC, Lo CF (1995) Pathogenicity of a baculovirus infection causing white spot syndrome in cultured penaeid shrimp in Taiwan. Dis Aquat Org 23: 165-173.
7. Mohan CV, Sudha PM, Shankar KM, Hegde A (1997) Vertical transmission of white spot baculovirus in shrimps – A possibility? Curr Sci India 73: 109-110.
8. Lo CF, Ho CH, Chen CH, Liu KF, Chiu YL, Yeh PY, Peng SE, Hsu HC, Liu HC, Chang CF, Su MS, Wang CH, Kou GH (1997) Detection and tissue tropism of white spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV) in captured brooders of Penaeus monodon with special emphasis on reproductive organs. Dis Aquat Org 30: 53-72.
9. Lightner DV (2005) Biosecurity in shrimp farming: pathogen exclusion through use of SPF stock and routine surveillance. J World Aquacult Soc 36: 229-248.
10. Lotz JM, Lightner DV (1999) Controlled and Biosecure Production system, Evolution and integration of shrimp and chicken Models Shrimp biosecurity. In: Bullis RA, Pruder GD, editors. Pathogen and pathogen exclusion. World Aquaculture Society. pp. 67-74.
11. Cohen JM, Samocha TM, Fox JM, Gandy RL, Lawrence AL (2005) Characterisation of water quality factor during intensive raceway production of juveniles Litopenaeus vanammei using limited discharge and biosecure management tools. Aquacult Eng 32: 425-442.
12. Corsin F, Turnbull JF, Mohan CV, Hao NV, Morgan KL (2005) Pond level risk factors for white spot disease outbreaks. In: Walker P, Lester R, Bonded –Reantaso MG, editors. Diseases in Asian aquaculture V. Fish health section. Asian Fisheries Society. pp. 75-92.
13. WatanabeRA, Fryer JL, Rohovec JS (1988) Molecular filtration for recovery of waterborne viruses of fish. Appl Environ Microbiol 54: 1606–1609.
14. Calgua B, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Hundesa A, Suñen E, Calvo M, Bofill-Mas S, Girones R, (2012) New methods for the concentration of viruses from urban sewage using quantitative PCR. J Virol Methods 187: 215– 221.
15. Kamata SI, Suzuki S (2003) Concentration of marine birnavirus from seawater with a glass fiber filter precoated with bovine serum albumin. Mar Biotechnol 5: 157–162.
16. Løvdal T, Enger O (2002) Detection of infectious salmon anemia virus in sea water by nested RT-PCR. Dis Aquat Org 49: 123–128.
17. Hossain MS, Otta SK, Chakraborty A, Kumar SH, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar (2004) Detection of WSSV in cultured shrimps, captured brooders, shrimp post larvae and water samples in Bangladesh by PCR using different primers. Aquaculture 237: 59–71.
18. Quang ND, Hoa PTH, Da TT, Anh PH(2009) Persistence of white spot syndromevirus in shrimp ponds and surrounding areas after an outbreak. Environ Monit Assess 156: 69–72.
19. Samanman S, Kanatharana P, Chotigeat W, Deachamag P, Thavarungkul (2011) Highly sensitive capacitive biosensor for detecting white spot syndrome virus in shrimp pond water. J Virol Methods 173: 75–84.
20. Suzuki Y, Suzuki T, Kono T, Mekata T, Sakai M, Itami T(2011) The concentration of white spot disease virus for its detection in sea water using a combined ferric colloid adsorption- and foam separation-based method. J Virol Methods 173: 227–232.
21. Alavandi SV, Ananda Bharathi R, Satheesh Kumar S, Dineshkumar N, Saravanakumar C, Joseph Sahaya Rajan J (2015) Tangential flow ultrafiltration for detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp pond water. J Virol Methods 218: 7–13.
22. Bofill-Mas S, Albinana-Gimenez N, Clemente-Casares P (2006) Quantification and stability of human adenoviruses and polyomavirus JCPyV in wastewater matrices. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 7894–7896.
23. Girones R, Ferrús MA, Alonso JL, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Calgua B, Hundesa A, Carratala A, Bofill-Mas S (2010) Molecular detection of pathogens in water - The pros and cons of molecular techniques. Water Res 44: 4325-4339.
24. Anil TM, Shankar KM, Mohan CV (2002) Monoclonal antibodies developed for sensitive detection and comparison of white spot syndrome virus isolates in India. Dis Aquat Org 51: 67-75.
25. Xie Z, Xie L, Pang Y, Lu Z, Xie Z, Sun J, Deng X, Liu J, Tang X, Khan M (2005) Development of a real-time mutiplex PCR assay for detection of viral pathogens of penaied shrimp. Arch Virol 153: 2245-51.
26. Lo CF, Leu JH, Ho CH, Chen CH, Peng SE, Chen YT, Chou CM, Yeh PY, Huang CJ, Chou HY, Wang CH, Kou GH (1996b) Detection of baculovirus associated with white spot syndrome (WSBV) in Penaeid shrimps using polymerase chain reaction. Dis Aquat Org 25: 133-141.
27. Patil R, Shankar KM, Kumar BTN, Kulkarni A, Patil P, Moger N (2013) Development of a monoclonal antibody-based flow- through immunoassay (FTA) for detection of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. J Fish Dis 36: 753–762.
28. Momoyama K, Hiraoka M, Nakano H, Sameshima M (1998) Cryopreservation of penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus (PRDV) and its survival in sea water at different temperatures. Fish Pathol 33: 95–96.
29. Nakano H, Hiraoka M, Sameshima M, Kimura T, Momoyama K(1998) Inactivation of penaeid rod-shaped DNA virus (PRDV), the causative agent of penaeid acute viremia (PAV), by chemical and physical treatments. Fish Pathol 33: 65–71.
30. Kumar S, Ananda Bharat R, Rajan JJS, Alavandi SV, Poornima M, Balasubramanian CP, Ponniah AG (2013) Viability of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in sediment during sun-drying (drainable pond) and under non-drainable pond conditions indicated by infectivity to shrimp. Aquaculture 402–403: 119–126.
31. Sithigorngul W, Rukpratanporn S, Pecharaburanin N, Longyant S, Chaivisuthangkura P, Sithigorngul (2006) A simple and rapid immunochromatographic test strip for detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) of shrimp. Dis Aquat Org 72(2):101-106.
32. Wang X, Zhan W (2006) Development of dot-immunogold filtration assay to detect white syndrome virus of shrimp. Aquaculture 255: 196-200.
33. Domingez JR, Gonzalez T, Garcia HM, Lavado FS, de Heredia JB (2007) Aluminium sulphate as coagulant for highly polluted cork processing wastewaters: Removal of organic matter. Journal of Hazardous Materials 148: 15-21.
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May 25, 2016
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Rani A, Poojary SR, Tammegouda NB, Ballaya AP, Patil P, Srinivasayya RK, Kalkuli SM, Shivakumaraswamy SK. Concentrating white spot syndrome virus by alum for field detection using a monoclonal antibody based flow-through assay. J Biol Methods [Internet]. 2016 May 25 [cited 2024 Apr. 20];3(2):e39. Available from: https://jbmethods.org/index.php/jbm/article/view/105
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