Oxidation of cysteine-rich proteins during gel electrophoresis
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Keywords
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins, thioglycolate, cysteine, selenocysteine, methionine sulfoxide reductase
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References
1) Tiselius A, (1937) New Apparatus for Electrophoretic Analysis of Colloidal Mixtures. Transactions of the Faraday Society 33: 524-531. doi: 10.1039/tf9373300524
2) Ornstein L, (1964) Disc electrophoresis. I. Background and Theory. Ann N Y Acad Sci 121: 321-349. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb14207.x
3) Davis BJ, (1964) Disc electrophoresis. II. Method and application to human serum proteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 121: 404-427. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb14213.x
4) Fazekas de St Groth S, Webster RG, Datyner A, (1963) Two new staining procedures for quantitative estimation of proteins on electrophoretic strips. Biochim Biophys Acta 71: 377-391. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)91092-8
5) Burnette WN, (1981) "Western blotting": electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A. Anal Biochem 112: 195-203. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90281-5
6) Heussen C, Dowdle EB, (1980) Electrophoretic analysis of plasminogen activators in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and copolymerized substrates. Anal Biochem 102: 196-202. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90338-3
7) Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680-685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0
8) Fairbanks G, Steck TL, Wallach DF (1971) Electrophoretic analysis of the major polypeptides of the human erythrocyte membrane. Biochemistry 10: 2606-2617. doi: 10.1021/bi00789a030
9) Crow MK, Karasavvas N, Sarris AH (2001) Protein aggregation mediated by cysteine oxidation during the stacking phase of discontinuous buffer SDS-PAGE. Biotechniques 30: 311-316. PMID:11233600
10) Lane LC (1978) A simple method for stabilizing protein-sulfhydryl groups during SDS-gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 86: 655-664. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90792-3
11) Brewer JM (1967) Artifact produced in disc electrophoresis by ammonium persulfate. Nature 156: 256-257. doi: 10.1126/science.156.3772.256
12) Diao H1, Guo C, Lin D, Zhang Y (2007) Intein-mediated expression is an effective approach in the study of beta-defensins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 357: 840-846. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.149
13) Diao H, Yu HG, Sun F, Zhang YL, Tanphaichitr N (2011) Rat recombinant β-defensin 22 is a heparin-binding protein with antimicrobial activity. Asian J Androl 13: 305-311. doi: 10.1038/aja.2010.93
14) Fahey RC, Hunt JS, Windham GC (1977) On the cysteine and cystine content of proteins. Differences between intracellular and extracellular proteins. J Mol Evol. 10: 155-160. doi.org/10.1007/BF01751808
15) Labunskyy VM, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN (2014) Selenoproteins: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 94: 739-377. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2013
16) Achilli C, Ciana A, Minetti G (2015) The discovery of methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes: An historical account and future perspectives. Biofactors 41: 135-152. doi: 10.1002/biof.1214
17) Kim HY, Gladyshev VN (2004) Methionine sulfoxide reduction in mammals: characterization of methionine-R-sulfoxide reductases. Mol Biol Cell 15: 1055-1064. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e03-08-0629
18) Arnér ES (2010) Selenoproteins-What unique properties can arise with selenocysteine in place of cysteine? Exp Cell Res. 316: 1296-1303. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.02.032
19) Achilli C, Ciana A, Rossi A, Balduini C, Minetti G (2008) Neutrophil granulocytes uniquely express, among human blood cells, high levels of Methionine-sulfoxide-reductase enzymes. J Leukoc Biol 83: 181-189. 10. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0707492
2) Ornstein L, (1964) Disc electrophoresis. I. Background and Theory. Ann N Y Acad Sci 121: 321-349. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb14207.x
3) Davis BJ, (1964) Disc electrophoresis. II. Method and application to human serum proteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 121: 404-427. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb14213.x
4) Fazekas de St Groth S, Webster RG, Datyner A, (1963) Two new staining procedures for quantitative estimation of proteins on electrophoretic strips. Biochim Biophys Acta 71: 377-391. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)91092-8
5) Burnette WN, (1981) "Western blotting": electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gels to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A. Anal Biochem 112: 195-203. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(81)90281-5
6) Heussen C, Dowdle EB, (1980) Electrophoretic analysis of plasminogen activators in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and copolymerized substrates. Anal Biochem 102: 196-202. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90338-3
7) Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680-685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0
8) Fairbanks G, Steck TL, Wallach DF (1971) Electrophoretic analysis of the major polypeptides of the human erythrocyte membrane. Biochemistry 10: 2606-2617. doi: 10.1021/bi00789a030
9) Crow MK, Karasavvas N, Sarris AH (2001) Protein aggregation mediated by cysteine oxidation during the stacking phase of discontinuous buffer SDS-PAGE. Biotechniques 30: 311-316. PMID:11233600
10) Lane LC (1978) A simple method for stabilizing protein-sulfhydryl groups during SDS-gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 86: 655-664. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90792-3
11) Brewer JM (1967) Artifact produced in disc electrophoresis by ammonium persulfate. Nature 156: 256-257. doi: 10.1126/science.156.3772.256
12) Diao H1, Guo C, Lin D, Zhang Y (2007) Intein-mediated expression is an effective approach in the study of beta-defensins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 357: 840-846. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.149
13) Diao H, Yu HG, Sun F, Zhang YL, Tanphaichitr N (2011) Rat recombinant β-defensin 22 is a heparin-binding protein with antimicrobial activity. Asian J Androl 13: 305-311. doi: 10.1038/aja.2010.93
14) Fahey RC, Hunt JS, Windham GC (1977) On the cysteine and cystine content of proteins. Differences between intracellular and extracellular proteins. J Mol Evol. 10: 155-160. doi.org/10.1007/BF01751808
15) Labunskyy VM, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN (2014) Selenoproteins: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 94: 739-377. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2013
16) Achilli C, Ciana A, Minetti G (2015) The discovery of methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes: An historical account and future perspectives. Biofactors 41: 135-152. doi: 10.1002/biof.1214
17) Kim HY, Gladyshev VN (2004) Methionine sulfoxide reduction in mammals: characterization of methionine-R-sulfoxide reductases. Mol Biol Cell 15: 1055-1064. doi: 10.1091/mbc.e03-08-0629
18) Arnér ES (2010) Selenoproteins-What unique properties can arise with selenocysteine in place of cysteine? Exp Cell Res. 316: 1296-1303. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.02.032
19) Achilli C, Ciana A, Rossi A, Balduini C, Minetti G (2008) Neutrophil granulocytes uniquely express, among human blood cells, high levels of Methionine-sulfoxide-reductase enzymes. J Leukoc Biol 83: 181-189. 10. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0707492
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Dec 5, 2018
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Achilli C, Ciana A, Minetti G. Oxidation of cysteine-rich proteins during gel electrophoresis. J Biol Methods [Internet]. 2018 Dec. 5 [cited 2024 Apr. 19];5(4):e104. Available from: https://jbmethods.org/index.php/jbm/article/view/275
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Author Biography
Giampaolo Minetti, Università di Pavia
Assistant Professor
Department of Biology and Biotechnology
